The raw sponge industry consists of mixing a number of basic materials, activated auxiliary materials and optional materials that can be dispensed with and disposed of in the following:
Basic materials:
Polyol: An alcohol containing multiple hydroxyl groups. It comes in a liquid state and gives flexibility to polymers. It has several molecular weights. This makes its uses different. In other words, the sponge produced for each partial weight has its own specifications. It is basically divided into three types as in the table below. In order to suit the final product specification it needs.
- Toluene diisocyanato 20-80 (TDI): An organic substance, an aromatic substance with a white, highly toxic pungent odor, if inhaled, causes irritation in the respiratory system and the eye. When handling or storing it, preferably using oxygen masks in case of dealing with it.
Water: It is used in production in small quantities compared to the other basic materials. The purpose of its use is to produce carbon dioxide when water is interacted with ISO-Sunnite and to increase the pores produced during the liquefaction phase. The more water is installed the less the sponge density is produced. This is a reaction to the heat, so be careful about the production of sponge with a density of less than 15 kg / m 3, usually uses an additional material beside the water inert and non-interacting reduce the heat in the heart of the cubes produced, so as not to ignite automatically from high temperature. Auxiliaries and Activators – Dimethylamine: A flammable organic compound, a colorless gas, with a strong odor. – Silicon. – Insulated paper in plastic (Kraft). Stannous Octoate. Optional materials 1 – 2 Chloride: A catalyst for the production of carbon dioxide, a toxic hazardous substance that must be carefully stored, handled and used.
2 – Stabilizers: Stabilizers help to reduce the heart temperature of the cube and prevent the combustion of the cube. Different types of inhibitors vary depending on the type of polyol used. These inhibitors help to reduce the surface stress rate of liquids during mixing. And helps to mix materials homogeneously as not to mix materials well leads to defects in the final product.
3 – inhibitors of color: are additional materials that keep the color of sponge for longer and delay the phenomenon of yellowing over time.
4 – Dyes: The purpose of their use is to distinguish the product in terms of density nothing more.
5 – Anti – ignition: When using sponges in the furniture industry Governments and international legislation recommend that there be controls on the speed of ignition of the product are added materials called anti – ignition, and there are many types of these important in the resistance to the elements of ignition sponges, but all have disadvantages where they work To increase the density of the final product, and reduce its shelf life.
Note: The production must be carried out in a well ventilated area due to high heat and toxic gases, and workers in this place must wear safety goggles and public safety tools.